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Nelumbo nucifera
''Nelumbo nucifera'', also known as Indian lotus, sacred lotus, bean of India, or simply lotus, is one of two species of aquatic plant in the family Nelumbonaceae. The Linnaean binomial ''Nelumbo nucifera'' (Gaertn.) is the currently recognized name for this species, which has been classified under the former names, ''Nelumbium speciosum'' (Willd.) and ''Nymphaea nelumbo'', among others. (These names are obsolete synonyms and should be avoided in current works.) This plant is an aquatic perennial. Under favorable circumstances its seeds may remain viable for many years, with the oldest recorded lotus germination being from that of seeds 1,300 years old recovered from a dry lakebed in northeastern China.
Native to Tropical Asia and Queensland, Australia,〔Perry, F. (1972) ''Flowers of the World''. Bonanza Books, pp. 192–193. ISBN 060001634X.〕〔Serventy, V; Raymond, R. (1980) ''Lakes & Rivers of Australia''. Summit Books, pp. 102–103〕 it is commonly cultivated in water gardens. It is also the national flower of India and Vietnam.
==Classification==
While all modern plant taxonomy systems agree that this species belongs in the genus ''Nelumbo'', the systems disagree as to which family ''Nelumbo'' should be placed in, or whether the genus should belong in its own unique family and order.
The lotus is often confused with the water lilies (''Nymphaea'', in particular ''Nymphaea caerulea'', sometimes called the "blue lotus"). In fact, several older systems, such as Bentham and Hooker (which is widely used in the Indian subcontinent) call the lotus ''Nymphaea nelumbo'' or ''Nymphaea stellata''. This is, however, evolutionarily incorrect, as the lotus and water-lilies are practically unrelated. Far from being in the same family, ''Nymphaea'' and ''Nelumbo'' are members of different orders (Nymphaeales and Proteales respectively).
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